The Public Safety and Security Policy Model in African Countries

Most African countries lack comprehensive formal public safety and security policies that articulate a national understanding of guiding principles, values, goals, strategic environment, threats, risks, and challenges. This paper proposes a Public Safety and Security Policy (PSSP) model aimed at assisting African nations in developing robust national policies and implementation plans. The model draws upon a conceptual framework informed by definitions, assumptions, conditions, and relationships among key concepts, addressing critical areas of PSSP development. Informed by extensive literature review and expert consultations, the model incorporates four foundational bases: (1) theoretical underpinnings of public safety and security (PSS) science, (2) regional and global best practices, (3) constitutional and legal frameworks, and (4) existing domestic safety and security systems and practices. This integrated approach offers actionable policy recommendations. The proposed PSSP model facilitates the identification and articulation of clear visions and missions for public safety and security. It also establishes a two-stage institutional reform process, delineating political responsibilities for policy formulation from managerial and operational duties for implementation, thereby enhancing governance and accountability. By addressing real-world challenges faced by African nations, the PSSP model has the potential to contribute significantly to socio-economic development, governance improvement, and the promotion of peace and stability. Its practical impact is evident in how it can help nations navigate complex safety and security landscapes, ensuring alignment with good governance principles such as the rule of law and sustainable development goals.